Key Ideas and Details
ELA.RL.3.1: Ask and answer questions to demonstrate understanding of a text, referring explicitly to the text as the basis for the answers.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| What Is Narrative Writing? | 110 |
| A Narrative Paragraph | 134 |
Craft and Structure
ELA.RL.3.5: Refer to parts of stories, dramas, and poems when writing or speaking about a text, using terms such as chapter, scene, and stanza; describe how each successive part builds on earlier sections.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| A Narrative Paragraph | 134 |
| Features of Narrative Writing | 151 |
Key Ideas and Details
ELA.RI.3.1: Ask and answer questions to demonstrate understanding of a text, referring explicitly to the text as the basis for the answers.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Observing Opinion Paragraphs | 10 |
| Review an Opinion Paragraph | 34 |
| Information Please | 60 |
| Canyons and Gorges | 83 |
| The Message of a Letter | 100 |
| Letter Writing | 101 |
Key Ideas and Details
ELA.RI.3.2: Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Observing Opinion Paragraphs | 10 |
| Traits of an Opinion Paragraph | 33 |
| Review an Opinion Paragraph | 34 |
| Find Your Way | 51 |
| Information Please | 60 |
| A Clear Focus | 62 |
| Sensory Details | 66 |
| Canyons and Gorges | 83 |
| The Message of a Letter | 100 |
| Letter Writing | 101 |
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
ELA.RI.3.8: Describe the logical connection between particular sentences and paragraphs in a text(e.g., comparison, cause/effect, first/second/third in a sequence).
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Traits of an Opinion Paragraph | 33 |
| Review an Opinion Paragraph | 34 |
Text Types and Purposes
ELA.W.3.1: Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Animal Opinions | 12 |
| Everyone Has an Opinion | 13 |
| Support the Topic | 15 |
| A Reason for My Opinion | 16 |
| Making Connections | 18 |
| Working with Concluding Sentences | 20 |
| Concluding Sentence Review | 21 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 24-25 |
| Review an Opinion Paragraph | 34 |
| Video Games and Board Games | 36 |
| Write a Thesis Statement | 37 |
| My Reasons | 38 |
| A Closer Look | 40 |
| My Opinion About Games | 41 |
| Questions About Concluding Paragraphs | 43 |
| A Strong Concluding Paragraph | 44 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 45-46 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 47-48 |
| Review | 49-51 |
Text Types and Purposes
ELA.W.3.2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| The Shape of the Land | 63 |
| Starting Up the Mountain | 64 |
| Be Precise | 67 |
| A Natural Bridge | 70 |
| Quays to Concluding Sentences | 72 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 73-74 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 75-76 |
| Final Draft | 77-78 |
| An Explanatory Paragraph | 84 |
| People Communicate | 86 |
| Writing a Letter | 87 |
| Learning About Letter Writing | 90 |
| A Message About My Topic | 91 |
| Path to a Fine Concluding Paragraph | 93 |
| Write a Concluding Paragraph | 94 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 95-96 |
| Letter Writing | 101 |
Text Types and Purposes
ELA.W.3.3: Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| On an Island | 112 |
| Introduce Your Characters | 113 |
| Island Adventure | 114 |
| Traveling Through Islands | 119 |
| A Strong Concluding Sentence | 121 |
| Anchor My Narrative | 122 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 123-124 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 125-126 |
| Final Draft | 127-128 |
| Getting Started | 136 |
| Writing a Thesis Statement | 137 |
| Planning My Essay | 138 |
| Picture My Experience | 140 |
| Reaching the Goal | 143 |
| A Winning Experience | 144 |
| Checking My Writing | 146 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 147-148 |
Production and Distribution of Writing
ELA.W.3.5: With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, and editing. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1-3 up to and including grade 3)
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Everyone Has an Opinion | 13 |
| Support the Topic | 15 |
| Working with Concluding Sentences | 20 |
| Concluding Sentence Review | 21 |
| My Opinion | 23 |
| My Writing on Display | 27 |
| Comparing My Scores | 29 |
| Video Games and Board Games | 36 |
| My Classmate's Opinion Essay | 46 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 47-48 |
| Take Your Writing to the Next Level | 53 |
| The Shape of the Land | 63 |
| Be Precise | 67 |
| Reaching New Heights | 74 |
| Final Draft | 77-78 |
| A Walk Through My Paragraph | 81 |
| An Explanatory Paragraph | 84 |
| People Communicate | 86 |
| Writing a Letter | 87 |
| Learning About Letter Writing | 90 |
| A Message About My Topic | 91 |
| Write a Concluding Paragraph | 94 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 95-96 |
| Informative Essays | 96 |
| Comparing My Scores | 104 |
| On an Island | 112 |
| Introduce Your Characters | 113 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 123-124 |
| Peer Review | 124 |
| My Experience | 131 |
| Getting Started | 136 |
| Writing a Thesis Statement | 137 |
| Planning My Essay | 138 |
| Picture My Experience | 140 |
| Reaching the Goal | 143 |
| Checking My Writing | 146 |
| Reach for Excellence | 154 |
Production and Distribution of Writing
ELA.W.3.4: With guidance and support from adults, produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task and purpose. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above.)
| Activity | Pages |
|---|---|
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 24-25 |
| My Writing on Display | 27 |
| My Opinion About Games | 41 |
| A Strong Concluding Paragraph | 44 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 47-48 |
| A Walk Through My Paragraph | 81 |
| An Explanatory Paragraph | 84 |
| A Message About My Topic | 91 |
| Letter Writing | 101 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 125-126 |
| Reaching the Goal | 143 |
| Checking My Writing | 146 |
Production and Distribution of Writing
ELA.W.3.6: With guidance and support from adults, use technology to produce and publish writing (using keyboarding skills) as well as to interact and collaborate with others.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Just the Right Word | 89 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 147-148 |
Research to Build and Present Knowledge
ELA.W.3.7: Conduct short research projects that build knowledge about a topic.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Be Precise | 67 |
| Learning About Letter Writing | 90 |
Research to Build and Present Knowledge
ELA.W.3.8: Recall information from experiences or gather information from print and digital sources; take brief notes on sources and sort evidence into provided categories.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| An Explanatory Paragraph | 84 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 145-146 |
Comprehension and Collaboration
ELA.SL.3.2: Determine the main ideas and supporting details of a text read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Observing Opinion Paragraphs | 10 |
Comprehension and Collaboration
ELA.SL.3.1: Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 3 topics and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Observing Opinion Paragraphs | 10 |
| Animal Opinions | 12 |
| Everyone Has an Opinion | 13 |
| Support the Topic | 15 |
| A Reason for My Opinion | 16 |
| Making Connections | 18 |
| Working with Concluding Sentences | 20 |
| Concluding Sentence Review | 21 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 22-23 |
| My Opinion | 23 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 24-25 |
| Final Draft | 26-27 |
| My Writing on Display | 27 |
| Comparing My Scores | 29 |
| Review | 31-34 |
| Traits of an Opinion Paragraph | 33 |
| Review an Opinion Paragraph | 34 |
| Video Games and Board Games | 36 |
| Write a Thesis Statement | 37 |
| My Reasons | 38 |
| A Closer Look | 40 |
| My Opinion About Games | 41 |
| Questions About Concluding Paragraphs | 43 |
| A Strong Concluding Paragraph | 44 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 45-46 |
| My Classmate's Opinion Essay | 46 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 47-48 |
| Review | 49-51 |
| Find Your Way | 51 |
| Take Your Writing to the Next Level | 53 |
| Information Please | 60 |
| A Clear Focus | 62 |
| The Shape of the Land | 63 |
| Starting Up the Mountain | 64 |
| Sensory Details | 66 |
| Be Precise | 67 |
| A Natural Attraction | 68 |
| A Natural Bridge | 70 |
| Quays to Concluding Sentences | 72 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 73-74 |
| Reaching New Heights | 74 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 75-76 |
| Final Draft | 77-78 |
| A Walk Through My Paragraph | 81 |
| Review | 82-84 |
| Canyons and Gorges | 83 |
| An Explanatory Paragraph | 84 |
| People Communicate | 86 |
| Writing a Letter | 87 |
| Just the Right Word | 89 |
| Learning About Letter Writing | 90 |
| A Message About My Topic | 91 |
| Path to a Fine Concluding Paragraph | 93 |
| Write a Concluding Paragraph | 94 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 95-96 |
| Informative Essays | 96 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 97-98 |
| Review | 99-101 |
| The Message of a Letter | 100 |
| Letter Writing | 101 |
| Comparing My Scores | 104 |
| What Is Narrative Writing? | 110 |
| On an Island | 112 |
| Introduce Your Characters | 113 |
| Island Adventure | 114 |
| The Sights and Sounds of Island Life | 116 |
| My Perspective | 117 |
| Traveling Through Islands | 119 |
| A Strong Concluding Sentence | 121 |
| Anchor My Narrative | 122 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 123-124 |
| Peer Review | 124 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 125-126 |
| Final Draft | 127-128 |
| An Invitation to Read | 128 |
| My Experience | 131 |
| Review | 132-134 |
| A Narrative Paragraph | 134 |
| Getting Started | 136 |
| Writing a Thesis Statement | 137 |
| Planning My Essay | 138 |
| Picture My Experience | 140 |
| Narrative Events | 141 |
| Reaching the Goal | 143 |
| A Winning Experience | 144 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 145-146 |
| Checking My Writing | 146 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 147-148 |
| Review | 149-151 |
| Features of Narrative Writing | 151 |
| Reach for Excellence | 154 |
Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas
ELA.SL.3.6: Speak in complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation in order to provide requested detail or clarification.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Observing Opinion Paragraphs | 10 |
| Animal Opinions | 12 |
| Everyone Has an Opinion | 13 |
| Support the Topic | 15 |
| A Reason for My Opinion | 16 |
| Making Connections | 18 |
| Working with Concluding Sentences | 20 |
| Concluding Sentence Review | 21 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 22-23 |
| My Opinion | 23 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 24-25 |
| Final Draft | 26-27 |
| My Writing on Display | 27 |
| Comparing My Scores | 29 |
| Review | 31-34 |
| Traits of an Opinion Paragraph | 33 |
| Review an Opinion Paragraph | 34 |
| Video Games and Board Games | 36 |
| Write a Thesis Statement | 37 |
| My Reasons | 38 |
| A Closer Look | 40 |
| My Opinion About Games | 41 |
| Questions About Concluding Paragraphs | 43 |
| A Strong Concluding Paragraph | 44 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 45-46 |
| My Classmate's Opinion Essay | 46 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 47-48 |
| Review | 49-51 |
| Find Your Way | 51 |
| Take Your Writing to the Next Level | 53 |
| Information Please | 60 |
| A Clear Focus | 62 |
| The Shape of the Land | 63 |
| Starting Up the Mountain | 64 |
| Sensory Details | 66 |
| Be Precise | 67 |
| A Natural Attraction | 68 |
| A Natural Bridge | 70 |
| Quays to Concluding Sentences | 72 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 73-74 |
| Reaching New Heights | 74 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 75-76 |
| Final Draft | 77-78 |
| A Walk Through My Paragraph | 81 |
| Review | 82-84 |
| Canyons and Gorges | 83 |
| An Explanatory Paragraph | 84 |
| People Communicate | 86 |
| Writing a Letter | 87 |
| Just the Right Word | 89 |
| Learning About Letter Writing | 90 |
| A Message About My Topic | 91 |
| Path to a Fine Concluding Paragraph | 93 |
| Write a Concluding Paragraph | 94 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 95-96 |
| Informative Essays | 96 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 97-98 |
| Review | 99-101 |
| The Message of a Letter | 100 |
| Letter Writing | 101 |
| Comparing My Scores | 104 |
| What Is Narrative Writing? | 110 |
| On an Island | 112 |
| Introduce Your Characters | 113 |
| Island Adventure | 114 |
| The Sights and Sounds of Island Life | 116 |
| My Perspective | 117 |
| Traveling Through Islands | 119 |
| A Strong Concluding Sentence | 121 |
| Anchor My Narrative | 122 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 123-124 |
| Peer Review | 124 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 125-126 |
| Final Draft | 127-128 |
| An Invitation to Read | 128 |
| My Experience | 131 |
| Review | 132-134 |
| A Narrative Paragraph | 134 |
| Getting Started | 136 |
| Writing a Thesis Statement | 137 |
| Planning My Essay | 138 |
| Picture My Experience | 140 |
| Narrative Events | 141 |
| Reaching the Goal | 143 |
| A Winning Experience | 144 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 145-146 |
| Checking My Writing | 146 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 147-148 |
| Review | 149-151 |
| Features of Narrative Writing | 151 |
| Reach for Excellence | 154 |
Conventions of Standard English
ELA.L.3.1: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Observing Opinion Paragraphs | 10 |
| Animal Opinions | 12 |
| Everyone Has an Opinion | 13 |
| Support the Topic | 15 |
| A Reason for My Opinion | 16 |
| Making Connections | 18 |
| Working with Concluding Sentences | 20 |
| Concluding Sentence Review | 21 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 22-23 |
| My Opinion | 23 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 24-25 |
| Final Draft | 26-27 |
| My Writing on Display | 27 |
| Comparing My Scores | 29 |
| Review | 31-34 |
| Traits of an Opinion Paragraph | 33 |
| Review an Opinion Paragraph | 34 |
| Video Games and Board Games | 36 |
| Write a Thesis Statement | 37 |
| My Reasons | 38 |
| A Closer Look | 40 |
| My Opinion About Games | 41 |
| Questions About Concluding Paragraphs | 43 |
| A Strong Concluding Paragraph | 44 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 45-46 |
| My Classmate's Opinion Essay | 46 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 47-48 |
| Review | 49-51 |
| Find Your Way | 51 |
| Take Your Writing to the Next Level | 53 |
| Information Please | 60 |
| A Clear Focus | 62 |
| The Shape of the Land | 63 |
| Starting Up the Mountain | 64 |
| Sensory Details | 66 |
| Be Precise | 67 |
| A Natural Attraction | 68 |
| A Natural Bridge | 70 |
| Quays to Concluding Sentences | 72 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 73-74 |
| Reaching New Heights | 74 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 75-76 |
| Final Draft | 77-78 |
| A Walk Through My Paragraph | 81 |
| Review | 82-84 |
| Canyons and Gorges | 83 |
| An Explanatory Paragraph | 84 |
| People Communicate | 86 |
| Writing a Letter | 87 |
| Just the Right Word | 89 |
| Learning About Letter Writing | 90 |
| A Message About My Topic | 91 |
| Path to a Fine Concluding Paragraph | 93 |
| Write a Concluding Paragraph | 94 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 95-96 |
| Informative Essays | 96 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 97-98 |
| Review | 99-101 |
| The Message of a Letter | 100 |
| Letter Writing | 101 |
| Comparing My Scores | 104 |
| What Is Narrative Writing? | 110 |
| On an Island | 112 |
| Introduce Your Characters | 113 |
| Island Adventure | 114 |
| The Sights and Sounds of Island Life | 116 |
| My Perspective | 117 |
| Traveling Through Islands | 119 |
| A Strong Concluding Sentence | 121 |
| Anchor My Narrative | 122 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 123-124 |
| Peer Review | 124 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 125-126 |
| Final Draft | 127-128 |
| An Invitation to Read | 128 |
| My Experience | 131 |
| Review | 132-134 |
| A Narrative Paragraph | 134 |
| Getting Started | 136 |
| Writing a Thesis Statement | 137 |
| Planning My Essay | 138 |
| Picture My Experience | 140 |
| Narrative Events | 141 |
| Reaching the Goal | 143 |
| A Winning Experience | 144 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 145-146 |
| Checking My Writing | 146 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 147-148 |
| Review | 149-151 |
| Features of Narrative Writing | 151 |
| Reach for Excellence | 154 |
Conventions of Standard English
ELA.L.3.2: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| My Writing on Display | 27 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 47-48 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 75-76 |
| Final Draft | 77-78 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 125-126 |
| Final Draft | 127-128 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 147-148 |
Knowledge of Language
ELA.L.3.3: Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Observing Opinion Paragraphs | 10 |
| Animal Opinions | 12 |
| Everyone Has an Opinion | 13 |
| Support the Topic | 15 |
| A Reason for My Opinion | 16 |
| Making Connections | 18 |
| Working with Concluding Sentences | 20 |
| Concluding Sentence Review | 21 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 22-23 |
| My Opinion | 23 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 24-25 |
| Final Draft | 26-27 |
| My Writing on Display | 27 |
| Comparing My Scores | 29 |
| Review | 31-34 |
| Traits of an Opinion Paragraph | 33 |
| Review an Opinion Paragraph | 34 |
| Video Games and Board Games | 36 |
| Write a Thesis Statement | 37 |
| My Reasons | 38 |
| A Closer Look | 40 |
| My Opinion About Games | 41 |
| Questions About Concluding Paragraphs | 43 |
| A Strong Concluding Paragraph | 44 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 45-46 |
| My Classmate's Opinion Essay | 46 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 47-48 |
| Review | 49-51 |
| Find Your Way | 51 |
| Take Your Writing to the Next Level | 53 |
| Information Please | 60 |
| A Clear Focus | 62 |
| The Shape of the Land | 63 |
| Starting Up the Mountain | 64 |
| Sensory Details | 66 |
| Be Precise | 67 |
| A Natural Attraction | 68 |
| A Natural Bridge | 70 |
| Quays to Concluding Sentences | 72 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 73-74 |
| Reaching New Heights | 74 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 75-76 |
| Final Draft | 77-78 |
| A Walk Through My Paragraph | 81 |
| Review | 82-84 |
| Canyons and Gorges | 83 |
| An Explanatory Paragraph | 84 |
| People Communicate | 86 |
| Writing a Letter | 87 |
| Just the Right Word | 89 |
| Learning About Letter Writing | 90 |
| A Message About My Topic | 91 |
| Path to a Fine Concluding Paragraph | 93 |
| Write a Concluding Paragraph | 94 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 95-96 |
| Informative Essays | 96 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 97-98 |
| Review | 99-101 |
| The Message of a Letter | 100 |
| Letter Writing | 101 |
| Comparing My Scores | 104 |
| What Is Narrative Writing? | 110 |
| On an Island | 112 |
| Introduce Your Characters | 113 |
| Island Adventure | 114 |
| The Sights and Sounds of Island Life | 116 |
| My Perspective | 117 |
| Traveling Through Islands | 119 |
| A Strong Concluding Sentence | 121 |
| Anchor My Narrative | 122 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 123-124 |
| Peer Review | 124 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 125-126 |
| Final Draft | 127-128 |
| An Invitation to Read | 128 |
| My Experience | 131 |
| Review | 132-134 |
| A Narrative Paragraph | 134 |
| Getting Started | 136 |
| Writing a Thesis Statement | 137 |
| Planning My Essay | 138 |
| Picture My Experience | 140 |
| Narrative Events | 141 |
| Reaching the Goal | 143 |
| A Winning Experience | 144 |
| First Draft and Peer Review | 145-146 |
| Checking My Writing | 146 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 147-148 |
| Review | 149-151 |
| Features of Narrative Writing | 151 |
| Reach for Excellence | 154 |
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
ELA.L.3.6: Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate conversational, general academic, and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal spatial and temporal relationships (e.g., After dinner that night we went looking for them).
| Activity | Pages |
|---|---|
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 24-25 |
| My Writing on Display | 27 |
| A Strong Concluding Paragraph | 44 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 47-48 |
| Sensory Details | 66 |
| Be Precise | 67 |
| A Natural Attraction | 68 |
| A Natural Bridge | 70 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 75-76 |
| Just the Right Word | 89 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 97-98 |
| Traveling Through Islands | 119 |
| Final Draft | 127-128 |
| Picture My Experience | 140 |
| Second Draft and Self-Evaluation | 147-148 |
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
ELA.L.3.5: Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Sensory Details | 66 |
| Be Precise | 67 |
| A Natural Attraction | 68 |
| Picture My Experience | 140 |
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
ELA.L.3.4: Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning word and phrases based on grade 3 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
| Activity | Page |
|---|---|
| Be Precise | 67 |
| Just the Right Word | 89 |
Common Core State Standards and Expectations© Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved.